MATHEMATICS

Key Stage 1

How you can help

• Children count, order, combine, increase and decrease quantities when solving practical problems.
• They read and write the numbers involved.
• Children use mathematical language to describe the properties and positions of 2-D and 3-D shapes.
• They measure and compare objects and order events.
• Children sort and classify objects using given criteria.
• They collect data to answer questions.

Use numbers at all opportunities in daily life; count stairs, cars, people. Do more than and less than. If cooking, let children help with weighing and measuring. Discuss the shapes of things in the house and shops (cereal boxes are cubes, jars are cylinders). Ask how many corners, edges, faces they have.

• Children count, order, and recall number facts to 10 and understand place value to 100.
• They choose operations and solve problems using mental strategies.
• Children recognise number sequences, odd and even numbers.
• They name and describe 2-D and 3-D shapes and understand angles and turns.
• Children measure using standard and everyday units.
• They sort, classify, and record information using tables, diagrams, and graphs.

Practise mental addition and subtraction facts to 10. Do it orally, not on paper. Help them to write out numbers to 100. Do it in rows 0 to 9, then 10 to 19, then 20 to 29 etc. This helps to understand place value. Ask questions such as “If 5+3 is 8, what is 8-3?” If they don’t understand, use objects (toys, buttons, coins) to help. Count on in odds and evens and get them to do the same. Use the wide range of songs available to sing along to. Discuss the difference between 2D and 3D shapes and ask them to give mathematical names of various shapes when out shopping. Ask them to estimate and measure distances in the house (table width, room length, door width etc). Ask children to tell you the time (half and quarter hours)

• Children understand place value to 1000 and use decimals and negative numbers in context.
• They recall addition, subtraction, and multiplication facts and apply them to solve problems.
• Children add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers, including problems with remainders.
• They use and recognise simple fractions, including equivalence.
• Children classify 2-D and 3-D shapes and describe their properties.
• They measure using standard units and present data using tables, charts, and diagrams.

Discuss prices of items when shopping. Use these to do some adding. Use money to help with their understanding of decimals (10p is 0.1 of a pound, 1p is 0.01). Give them two 2-digit numbers to add or subtract. Have a thermometer in the house; this is especially useful when the temperature drops below freezing to discuss negative numbers. Help them with learning their tables. Instant recall of times table facts is a HUGE advantage in later stages of maths learning. Test them on knowledge of tables OUT OF ORDER e g 7 x 4, followed by 4x4, then 9x4. Use practical ideas to help with their understanding of fractions e g share an apple or orange. Cut in half, then in quarters Show children how 2 quarters is the same as one half. Ask them to tell you the time accurately. Keep all activities oral and not written

• Children use place value to multiply and divide whole numbers by 10 or 100 and apply mental methods for all four operations.
• They recall multiplication facts to 10 × 10 and derive division facts, selecting efficient strategies for calculations.
• Children recognise proportions, use simple fractions and percentages, and begin to use simple formulae.
• They create and use 2-D and 3-D geometric patterns, scale drawings, models, and reflections.
• Children measure accurately using appropriate units and tools, including finding areas of simple shapes.
• They collect, record, and interpret data using tables, frequency diagrams, line graphs, and describe sets using averages and ranges.